The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racism in professional rugby brought his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather sufficient proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to connect with young people in under-served communities and help them thrive on and off the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the horns and keep bearing this flag and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that the sport has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022